Review Article
Year: 2021 | Month: October-December | Volume: 6 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 371-380
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20211052
Evidence-Based Strategies for Injury Prevention and Exercise Prescription in Elderly Communities: The Physical Therapist's Perspective
Charumathi Polavarapu
Physical Therapist, CHI St. Luke's Health,1717 US-59 Loop N, Livingston, TX 77351
ABSTRACT
Injury prevention and exercise prescription are critical components of healthcare for older adults. Physical therapists play a critical role in fall risk screening, assessment, and prevention in elderly communities. By incorporating STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries) and other evidence-based tools and resources, physical therapists can help identify and address fall risk factors, link older adults with community-based programs and resources, and reduce the incidence of falls and related injuries in this population.
Evidence-based interventions for fall prevention include exercise interventions that are tailored and include a combination of exercise types, considering individual abilities and preferences. Exercise programs can reduce falls in older people living in residential aged care facilities, but exercise has little or no lasting effect on falls after the end of a program. Physical therapists should consider the patient's fall risk, functional limitations, and comorbidities when prescribing exercises for balance and falls prevention.
Physical therapists can help elderly communities implement evidence-based strategies for injury prevention and exercise prescription by adopting a person-centered approach, challenging ageist stereotypes, using sound outcome measures, prioritizing physical activity, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals. By doing so, physical therapists can promote the health, independence, and well-being of older adults, and help them lead active, fulfilling lives.
A combination of strength, balance, and functional training exercises, as well as other evidence-based strategies, can significantly reduce the risk of falls in elderly communities. Physical therapists and healthcare providers should consider these interventions when developing fall prevention programs for older adults. Exercise interventions for preventing falls in elderly communities should be implemented regularly, with a frequency of at least three sessions per week, and for a duration of up to 12 months.
Keywords: Elderly communities, injury prevention, exercise prescription in elderly, falls prevention, aging