Year: 2024 | Month: October-December | Volume: 9 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 370-382
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240443
CAR-T Cell Therapy: An Advancement in Conventional Cancer Treatment Methods
Shubhankit Gopichand Khamankar1, Aashutosh Sinwal2, Mudit Bhardwaj3, Ishu4, Vaibhav Sinwal5, Sonu Kumar6
1,2,3,4,5Pharm D, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India,302017
6M. Pharma Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baddi University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India,173205
Corresponding Author: Mudit Bhardwaj
ABSTRACT
Neoplastic tissues, often known as cancerous malignant tumors, are essentially just collections of aberrant cells that can invade nearby tissues, travel to lymph nodes, and even reach other organs. CAR-T cells, or genetically engineered T cells, express the CAR protein on their surface. A recognition region on the exterior and a signaling region on the inside make up the CAR protein. The antigen plays a crucial role in the development of CAR-T cells. Targeting tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens that are either exclusively present on tumor cells or increased on the surface of cancer cells is the usual goal of CAR-T cell therapy. The FDA and EMA have approved the commercial sale of CAR T cell treatment out of all the different types of ACTs. Six different drugs have been approved in the US and Europe to treat seven different types of B cell cancer. Patients must be screened by their physicians before considering CAR-T cell therapy. Patients may need to go through therapeutic preparatory procedures including lymphodepletion and bridging therapy before receiving CAR-T cell treatment. CAR T cell therapy's remarkable outcomes have altered dire prognoses and prevented several fatalities from severe cancers. However, an increasing amount of clinical experience is exposing their limitations. Currently, CAR-T cell therapy is mostly used to treat certain blood cancer types. Nevertheless, fresh research is being planned to determine how to improve the effectiveness, lower the cost, and expand the potential applications of therapies. Research is now being done to increase the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cell treatment.
Keywords: Chimeric antigen receptor, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Tumor-associated antigen, Cytokine storm syndrome, Cluster of differentiation.