Year: 2024 | Month: October-December | Volume: 9 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 277-294
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240435
Mitral Annulus Disjunction - An Underdiagnosed Anatomic Morphology: Review of Literature
Akhil Mehrotra1, Faiz Illahi Siddiqui2
1Chief, Pediatric and Adult Cardiology, Prakash Heart Station, Nirala Nagar, Lucknow, UP, India.
2Cardiac Technician, Prakash Heart Station, Nirala Nagar, Lucknow, UP, India.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Akhil Mehrotra
ABSTRACT
Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is an easily identifiable entity on transthoracic echocardiography, but is still poorly recognized or ignored. It is often associated with mitral valve prolapse and is itself a risk marker for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
We present here a case of 54 year Indian male presenting with MVP accompanied by significant mitral annulus disjunction (MAD) in whom a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and 4Dimensional XStrain speckle tracking imaging was conducted to estimate the MAD distance and importantly, various LV strain parameters were evaluated to discover any early markers of LV aberration by 4Dimensional XStrain speckle tracking echocardiography (4DXStrain STE).
Keywords: Mitral annulus disjunction, MAD, Mitral annulus prolapse, Ventricular arrhythmias in MAD, SCD in MAD, LV strain imaging in MAD.